Osteomyelitis

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Osteomyelitis is an infection of the bone. It is more common in children due to a rich metaphyseal blood supply and an underdeveloped immune system. It affects 1 in 5,000 children under 13 years of age. Patients with osteomyelitis often present with limb pain, a limp or a hesitancy to bear weight, and sometimes a fever or chills. The patient may also not experience any symptoms.

Osteomyelitis is caused by a bacterial infection. The bacteria can enter the bone through the bloodstream, from an adjacent injection, or from direct contamination, such as a serious injury that exposes the bone or during surgery.

Bone infections that are not properly addressed can cause serious complications, including:

  • Osteonecrosis (bone death)
  • Joint arthritis
  • Growth impairment

Diagnosis of osteomyelitis is usually confirmed via imaging (i.e. x-rays) and blood tests. X-rays can reveal bone damage, but this is usually only visible when the infection has been present for some time. Computerized tomography (CT) scans and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) may also be ordered. CT scans, like x-rays, can reveal changes to the bone structure. An MRI may reveal marrow and soft tissue edema. Blood tests will also be ordered if infection is suspected. Increased levels of white blood cells and other blood factors may indicate the presence of infection. Treatment involves administering antibodies to combat the infection and surgery to remove any infected bone or soft tissues.

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